ANÁLISIS DE OPINIONES DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS SOBRE PROYECTOS DE EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO A TRAVÉS DEL MÉTODO DOCUMENTAL
Palabras clave:
Educación Ambiental, Modelos Educacionales, Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible, Participación Comunitaria, Análisis DocumentalResumen
La evaluación de proyectos de educación ambiental (PEA) es una etapa crítica en la mejora de los procesos que implican su desarrollo. Obtener retroalimentación de evaluadores externos no involucrados en el PEA con el objetivo de identificar aspectos positivos y negativos de un proyecto particular, puede contribuir a enriquecer su visión. Esta investigación presenta un enfoque cuantitativo basado en un estudio de casos empleando el método documental. Los participantes fueron un total de 22 estudiantes universitarios de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Ambientales de España, quienes vieron dos videos cortos sobre los objetivos y actividades de un PEA realizado en zonas rurales de Argentina y luego redactaron cartas de 500 palabras como máximo a los responsables. El análisis de contenido de las cartas se realizó codificando con tres codificadores (Fleiss kappa=0.62). Las unidades codificadas seleccionadas fueron 175 y se estructuraron en 10 categorías, que se agrupan en 3 dimensiones: modelos pedagógicos (53.6%), impacto en la comunidad local (29.8%) y contenido científico sobre desarrollo sostenible (16.6%). Estos tres aspectos fueron valorados positivamente de forma mayoritaria, especialmente con referencia a un modelo pedagógico innovador, activo y práctico, a la importancia de la perspectiva social y cooperativa de las instituciones. El aspecto negativo más relevante que se detectó es la necesidad de una perspectiva integradora a la hora de abordar el contenido científico.
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