Diferencias Entre Estudiantes Y Docentes de Una Escuela Secundaria Respecto al Bullying y la Discriminación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21879/faeeba2358-0194.2023.v32.n69.p90-105Keywords:
Palabras clave: bullying, jerarquías, educación secundaria, popularidad y superiAbstract
In Mexico, high prevalence rates of bullying are reported, physical or psychological harassment behaviors among students may negatively impact the entire school community. Hence, the interest in analyzing the similarities and differences of teachers and students regarding different elements that characterize bullying. For this, a mixed study was carried out. 100 high school students participated (Mage= 13 years); who answered various questionnaires and 6 teachers were interviewed (Mage = 51 years). The main findings show that students and teachers agreed in pointing out the characteristics of harassers and harassed, the form of violence exerted and intentionality. But they differed regarding the imbalance of power and the frequency of observation, experimentation, and perpetration in the presence of violent actions. Identifying these similarities and differences between teachers and students regarding the characteristics of bullying will allow the design and implementation of intervention programs to generate safe and violence-free school environments for the entire school community at the secondary level.
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References
ASIMOPOULOS, Charisios; BIBOU-NAKOU, Ioanna; HATZIPEMOU, Theologos; SOUMAKI, Eugenia; TSIANTIS, John. (2014). An investigation into students' and teachers' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about bullying in Greek primary schools. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 16(1), 42-52. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2013.857823. Acceso em: 15 jan. 2022.
BARBOSA DE ANDRADE, María Helena; CESARINO GOMES, Monalisa; GRANVILLE-GARCÍA, Ana Flávia; APARECIDA MENEZES, Valdenice (2019). Bullying among adolescents and school measures to tackle it. Cadernos Saíde Coletiva, 27(3), 325-330. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/cadsc/a/HzNQ7p7Rdsw5KftwZkshv5h/abstract/?lang=en Acceso 15 jan. 2022.
BAUMAN, Sheri; HURLEY, Cindy. (2005). Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs About Bullying. Journal of School Violence, 4(3), 49-61. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J202v04n03_05. Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
BENÍTEZ, Juan L.; BERBÉN, Ana G.; Fernández, María. (2006). El maltrato entre alumnos; conocimiento, percepciones y actitudes de los futuros docentes. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 24(2), 329-352. Disponível em: https://revistas.um.es/rie/article/view/96881 Acceso 23 feb. 2022
BOULTON, Michael. J. (1997). Teacher’s views on bullying: definitions, attitudes and ability to cope. Britsh Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 223-233. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997.tb01239.x Acceso 25 feb. 2022.
CRAIG, Wendy. M.; HENDERSON, Kathryn; MURPHY, Jennifer (2000). Prospective Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Bullying and Victimization. School Psychology International, 21(1), 5-21. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0143034300211001 Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
CRESWELL, J. (2015). Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson.
CROCHÍK, José Leon. (2003). Manifestações de preconceito em relação as etnias e aos deficientes. Boletim de Psicologia, 53 (118), 89-108. Disponível em: https://repositorio.usp.br/item/001412605 Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
CROCHÍK, José Leon (2012). Fatores Psicológicos e Sociais Associados ao Bullying. Psicología Política,12 (24), 211-229. Disponível em: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4411438 Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
CROCHÍK, José Leon.; MOSSMAN, A., MAGRI, K.D., MOREIRA, M., CASCO, R. (2015). Bullying Homofóbico e Desempenho Ecolar: Dados de pesquisas e propostas de enfrentamento. Instituto de Psicología da Universidades de São Paulo.
CROCHÍK, José Leon. (2016a). Hierarchy, violence and bullying among students of public middle schools. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 26 (65), 307-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272665201608 Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
CROCHÍK, José Leon (2016b). Formas de violencia escolar: preconceito e bullying. Revista Movimiento, 3(2015), 29-56. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.22409/mov.v0i3.270 Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
DE AGÜERO SERVÍN, Mercedes. (2020). La investigación acerca del acoso y violencia escolares en México. Revista Digital Universitaria, 21(4), 1-15. Disponível em:
https://www.revista.unam.mx/2020v21n4/la_investigacion_acerca_del_acoso_y_violencia_escolares_en_mexico/ Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
FEKKES, M.; PIJPERS, F. I. M.; VERLOOEVE-VANHORICK, S. P. (2004). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers, and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81-91. Disponível em: https://academic.oup.com/her/article/20/1/81/632611?login=false Acceso 25 mar. 2022
GARCÍA-CONTINENTE, Xavier; PÉREZ-GIMÉNEZ, Anna; ESPELT, Albert; NEBOT, Manel. (2013). Bullying among schoolchildren: Differences between victims and aggressors. Gaceta Sanitaria, 27(4), 350-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.12.012. Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
GÓMEZ-NASHIKI Antonio. (2013). Bullying: El Poder de la Violencia. Una perspectiva cualitativa sobre acosadores y víctimas en escuelas primarias de Colima. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 18(58), 839-870. Disponível em:
https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1405-66662013000300008&script=sci_abstract Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
GUERIN, Suzanne.; HENNESSY, Eilis. (2002). Pupils’ definitions of bullying. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 17I(3), 249–261. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173535 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
HAZLER, Richard J.; MILLER, Dina L.; CARNEY, Jolynn V.; GREEN, Suzy. (2001). Adult recognition of school bullying situations. Educational Research, 43(2), 133-146. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880110051137 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
JOFFRE-VELÁZQUEZ Víctor Manuel; GARCÍA-MALDONADO. Gerardo; SALDÍVAR-GONZÁLEZ Atenógenes H.; MARTÍNEZ-PERALES, Gerado; LIN-OCHOA, Dolores; QUINTANAR-MARTÍNEZ. Sandra; VILLASANA-GUERRA, Alejandra (2011). Bullying en alumnos de secundaria. Características generales y factores asociados al riesgo. Boletín Médico Hospital Infantil México, 68(3), 193-202. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-11462011000300004 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
KERMAN, Bernardo (2019). Creencias de los docentes, acerca de los factores causales, medidas preventivas y contingents sobre el fenómeno de bullying. Revista Subjetividad y Procesos Cognitivos, 23(1), 167-190. Disponível em: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3396/339666619011/html/ Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
KOCHENDERFER-LADD, Becky; PELLETIER, Marie E. (2008). Teachers' views and beliefs about bullying: Influences on classroom management strategies and students' coping with peer victimization. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 431–453. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.07.005 Acceso 25 may. 2022.
NAYLOR, Paul; COWIE, Helen; COSSIN, Fabienne; DE BETTENCOURT, Rita; LEMME, Francesca (2006). Teachers’ and pupils’ definitions of bullying. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(3),553-576. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1348/000709905X52229 Acceso 26 may. 2022.
Organización Mundial de la Salud ([OMS], 2012). Health behavior in school aged children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2009–2010 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos ([OCDE], 2019a). Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA) PISA 2018- Resultados. PISA, OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.html Acceso 10 feb. 2022.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos ([OCDE], 2019b). Informe PISA 2018. Programa para la Evaluación Internación de los estudiantes. Informe español (Versión preliminar). OCDE. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.html Acceso 10 feb. 2022.
ONG Internacional Bullying sin Fronteras ([ONG], 2020). Estadísticas Mundiales de Bullying 2017/2018. Primer Trabajo Oficial en el Mundo contra Bullying. https://bullyingsinfronteras.blogspot.com/2018/10/estadisticas-mundiales-de-bullying_29.html Acceso 10 feb. 2022.
RUSSELL, T. Stephen; DAY, K. Jack; LOVERNO, Salvatore; RUSSELL, B. Toomey (2015). Are School Policies Focused on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identify Associated with less Bullying? Teacher’s Perspectives. Journal of School Psychology, 54, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.10.005 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
SMITH, K. Peter; ANANIADOU, Katherina; COWIE, Helen (2003). Interventions to Reduce School Bullying. The Canadian Journal of. Psychiatry, 48(9), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800905 Acceso 28 may. 2022.
TRACH, Jessica; HYMEL, Shelley; WATERHOUSE, Terry; NEALE, Ken (2010). Bystander Responses to School Bullying: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Grade and Sex Differences. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25(1) 114–130. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0829573509357553 Acceso 10 abr. 2022.
VALDÉS CUERVO Ángel Alberto; ESTÉVEZ NENNINGER Etty Haydeé; MANIG VALENZUELA, Agustín. (2014). Creencias de docentes acerca del bullying. Perfiles Educativos, 36 (145), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2014.145.45973 Acceso 10 abr. 2022.
VALLE, Jessica Elena; STELKO-PEREIRA, Ana Carina; PEIXOTO, Evandro Morais; WILLIAMS, Lucía Cavalcanti A. (2018). Influence of Bullying and Teacher-student Relationship on School Engagement: Analysis of an Explanatory Model. Educational Psychology, 35(4), 411-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000400008 Acceso 10 abr. 2022.
BARBOSA DE ANDRADE, María Helena; CESARINO GOMES, Monalisa; GRANVILLE-GARCÍA, Ana Flávia; APARECIDA MENEZES, Valdenice (2019). Bullying among adolescents and school measures to tackle it. Cadernos Saíde Coletiva, 27(3), 325-330. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/cadsc/a/HzNQ7p7Rdsw5KftwZkshv5h/abstract/?lang=en Acceso 15 jan. 2022.
BAUMAN, Sheri; HURLEY, Cindy. (2005). Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs About Bullying. Journal of School Violence, 4(3), 49-61. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J202v04n03_05. Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
BENÍTEZ, Juan L.; BERBÉN, Ana G.; Fernández, María. (2006). El maltrato entre alumnos; conocimiento, percepciones y actitudes de los futuros docentes. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 24(2), 329-352. Disponível em: https://revistas.um.es/rie/article/view/96881 Acceso 23 feb. 2022
BOULTON, Michael. J. (1997). Teacher’s views on bullying: definitions, attitudes and ability to cope. Britsh Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 223-233. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997.tb01239.x Acceso 25 feb. 2022.
CRAIG, Wendy. M.; HENDERSON, Kathryn; MURPHY, Jennifer (2000). Prospective Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Bullying and Victimization. School Psychology International, 21(1), 5-21. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0143034300211001 Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
CRESWELL, J. (2015). Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson.
CROCHÍK, José Leon. (2003). Manifestações de preconceito em relação as etnias e aos deficientes. Boletim de Psicologia, 53 (118), 89-108. Disponível em: https://repositorio.usp.br/item/001412605 Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
CROCHÍK, José Leon (2012). Fatores Psicológicos e Sociais Associados ao Bullying. Psicología Política,12 (24), 211-229. Disponível em: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4411438 Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
CROCHÍK, José Leon.; MOSSMAN, A., MAGRI, K.D., MOREIRA, M., CASCO, R. (2015). Bullying Homofóbico e Desempenho Ecolar: Dados de pesquisas e propostas de enfrentamento. Instituto de Psicología da Universidades de São Paulo.
CROCHÍK, José Leon. (2016a). Hierarchy, violence and bullying among students of public middle schools. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 26 (65), 307-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272665201608 Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
CROCHÍK, José Leon (2016b). Formas de violencia escolar: preconceito e bullying. Revista Movimiento, 3(2015), 29-56. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.22409/mov.v0i3.270 Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
DE AGÜERO SERVÍN, Mercedes. (2020). La investigación acerca del acoso y violencia escolares en México. Revista Digital Universitaria, 21(4), 1-15. Disponível em:
https://www.revista.unam.mx/2020v21n4/la_investigacion_acerca_del_acoso_y_violencia_escolares_en_mexico/ Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
FEKKES, M.; PIJPERS, F. I. M.; VERLOOEVE-VANHORICK, S. P. (2004). Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers, and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81-91. Disponível em: https://academic.oup.com/her/article/20/1/81/632611?login=false Acceso 25 mar. 2022
GARCÍA-CONTINENTE, Xavier; PÉREZ-GIMÉNEZ, Anna; ESPELT, Albert; NEBOT, Manel. (2013). Bullying among schoolchildren: Differences between victims and aggressors. Gaceta Sanitaria, 27(4), 350-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.12.012. Acceso 25 mar. 2022.
GÓMEZ-NASHIKI Antonio. (2013). Bullying: El Poder de la Violencia. Una perspectiva cualitativa sobre acosadores y víctimas en escuelas primarias de Colima. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 18(58), 839-870. Disponível em:
https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1405-66662013000300008&script=sci_abstract Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
GUERIN, Suzanne.; HENNESSY, Eilis. (2002). Pupils’ definitions of bullying. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 17I(3), 249–261. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173535 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
HAZLER, Richard J.; MILLER, Dina L.; CARNEY, Jolynn V.; GREEN, Suzy. (2001). Adult recognition of school bullying situations. Educational Research, 43(2), 133-146. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880110051137 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
JOFFRE-VELÁZQUEZ Víctor Manuel; GARCÍA-MALDONADO. Gerardo; SALDÍVAR-GONZÁLEZ Atenógenes H.; MARTÍNEZ-PERALES, Gerado; LIN-OCHOA, Dolores; QUINTANAR-MARTÍNEZ. Sandra; VILLASANA-GUERRA, Alejandra (2011). Bullying en alumnos de secundaria. Características generales y factores asociados al riesgo. Boletín Médico Hospital Infantil México, 68(3), 193-202. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-11462011000300004 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
KERMAN, Bernardo (2019). Creencias de los docentes, acerca de los factores causales, medidas preventivas y contingents sobre el fenómeno de bullying. Revista Subjetividad y Procesos Cognitivos, 23(1), 167-190. Disponível em: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3396/339666619011/html/ Acceso 23 feb. 2022.
KOCHENDERFER-LADD, Becky; PELLETIER, Marie E. (2008). Teachers' views and beliefs about bullying: Influences on classroom management strategies and students' coping with peer victimization. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 431–453. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.07.005 Acceso 25 may. 2022.
NAYLOR, Paul; COWIE, Helen; COSSIN, Fabienne; DE BETTENCOURT, Rita; LEMME, Francesca (2006). Teachers’ and pupils’ definitions of bullying. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(3),553-576. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1348/000709905X52229 Acceso 26 may. 2022.
Organización Mundial de la Salud ([OMS], 2012). Health behavior in school aged children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2009–2010 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos ([OCDE], 2019a). Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA) PISA 2018- Resultados. PISA, OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.html Acceso 10 feb. 2022.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos ([OCDE], 2019b). Informe PISA 2018. Programa para la Evaluación Internación de los estudiantes. Informe español (Versión preliminar). OCDE. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.html Acceso 10 feb. 2022.
ONG Internacional Bullying sin Fronteras ([ONG], 2020). Estadísticas Mundiales de Bullying 2017/2018. Primer Trabajo Oficial en el Mundo contra Bullying. https://bullyingsinfronteras.blogspot.com/2018/10/estadisticas-mundiales-de-bullying_29.html Acceso 10 feb. 2022.
RUSSELL, T. Stephen; DAY, K. Jack; LOVERNO, Salvatore; RUSSELL, B. Toomey (2015). Are School Policies Focused on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identify Associated with less Bullying? Teacher’s Perspectives. Journal of School Psychology, 54, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.10.005 Acceso 10 may. 2022.
SMITH, K. Peter; ANANIADOU, Katherina; COWIE, Helen (2003). Interventions to Reduce School Bullying. The Canadian Journal of. Psychiatry, 48(9), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800905 Acceso 28 may. 2022.
TRACH, Jessica; HYMEL, Shelley; WATERHOUSE, Terry; NEALE, Ken (2010). Bystander Responses to School Bullying: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Grade and Sex Differences. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25(1) 114–130. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0829573509357553 Acceso 10 abr. 2022.
VALDÉS CUERVO Ángel Alberto; ESTÉVEZ NENNINGER Etty Haydeé; MANIG VALENZUELA, Agustín. (2014). Creencias de docentes acerca del bullying. Perfiles Educativos, 36 (145), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2014.145.45973 Acceso 10 abr. 2022.
VALLE, Jessica Elena; STELKO-PEREIRA, Ana Carina; PEIXOTO, Evandro Morais; WILLIAMS, Lucía Cavalcanti A. (2018). Influence of Bullying and Teacher-student Relationship on School Engagement: Analysis of an Explanatory Model. Educational Psychology, 35(4), 411-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000400008 Acceso 10 abr. 2022.
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Published
2023-01-29
How to Cite
ANTONIO CAÑONGO, A. .; ORDAZ VILLEGAS, G.; ACLE TOMASINI, G. Diferencias Entre Estudiantes Y Docentes de Una Escuela Secundaria Respecto al Bullying y la Discriminación. Revista da FAEEBA - Educação e Contemporaneidade, [S. l.], v. 32, n. 69, p. 90–105, 2023. DOI: 10.21879/faeeba2358-0194.2023.v32.n69.p90-105. Disponível em: https://revistas.uneb.br/index.php/faeeba/article/view/15078. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.
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