LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTÊMICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic non-contagious autoimmune disease, whose etiology is still not fully understood, although hormonal, genetic and environmental factors may be involved. This pathology predominantly affects blood cells, joints, skin, serous membranes, blood vessels, brain and kidneys, being classified as a multisystemic disease. SLE is a serious condition that can lead to death. Infections are the leading cause of death in patients with lupus, making early identification and appropriate treatment crucial. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about systemic lupus erythematosus, based on several published studies, covering aspects such as etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. Methodology: This research is an exploratory literature review, which aims to analyze the available scientific literature on systemic lupus erythematosus. The following descriptors were used: systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune disease, autoimmunity, genetics and immunosuppression. The search was carried out in the databases Brasil Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PUBMED and VIRTUAL HEALTH LIBRARY (BVS). Results: Patients with SLE frequently experience impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which can be influenced by several factors, such as age, socioeconomic status, behavior and associated clinical conditions. Although disease activity and damage may play a role, its association with HRQoL is unclear, suggesting that patient-related factors may be more relevant. Furthermore, SLE predominantly affects women of childbearing age and, as widely prescribed, may be associated with adverse effects of pregnancy. In addition, fetal complications, in particular fetal death and neonatal lupus syndrome, can occur in patients with SLE. Conclusion: The results suggest that systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex and multifaceted condition, which presents inspiring challenges for diagnosis and treatment, as well as for the quality of life of the patients treated.