EL IMPACTO DE LOS CUIDADOS MATERNOS EN EL NEURODESARROLLO Y EL DESARROLLO PSICOLÓGICO DE LOS NIÑOS

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

epigenética, neurodesenvolvimento, cuidado materno, Winnicott

Resumen

Introducción: El escenario del maltrato infantil en Brasil es una realidad preocupante. Existen fuertes evidencias provenientes de estudios realizados en las últimas décadas de que las experiencias de la primera infancia son fundamentales en la construcción de la salud integral de los individuos. El cuidado materno se convierte en el "ambiente" que puede interferir significativamente en las bases que sustentan el desarrollo infantil. Objetivos: Este estudio buscó entender cómo el ambiente, en términos de cuidado materno, puede impactar en el desarrollo neurofisiológico y psicológico de los niños, uniendo la teoría del pediatra y psicoanalista Donald W. Winnicott (1896 - 1971) con los hallazgos de la neurociencia, especialmente la epigenética. Método: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa basada en PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, libros e informes de organizaciones internacionales. Se utilizaron como descriptores las palabras clave epigenética, neurodesarrollo y cuidados maternos. Resultados: Las personas con antecedentes de malos tratos, abuso o negligencia en la infancia mostraron alteraciones estructurales como la reducción del volumen del hipocampo, el cuerpo calloso y la corteza prefrontal y el aumento de la actividad y el volumen de la amígdala. Estos factores pueden influir decisivamente en el desarrollo del cerebro, provocando cambios significativos en los sistemas de regulación fisiológica, lo que posibilita el desarrollo de enfermedades y trastornos mentales a lo largo de la vida. Conclusiones: Los resultados de las investigaciones neurocientíficas apuntan a la posible alteración de la salud física, mental y psicológica de los individuos que sufren maltrato y abandono en la infancia. Por lo tanto, este estudio considera la base científica de la teoría de Donald W. Winnicott, que hace hincapié en la importancia de proporcionar a los niños un entorno afectuoso, estimulante y acogedor en la primera infancia.

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Biografía del autor/a

Maria Regina Bennati Madureira, Estudiante de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud en la Universidad Federal de São Paulo - Brasil

Especialista en Neurociencia

 

Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro, Profesora en el Programa de Postgrado en Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de São Paulo - Brasil

Doctorado en Psicobiología por la Universidad de São Paulo

Débora Estadella, Profesora en el Programa de Postgrado en Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de São Paulo - Brasil

Doctorado en Ciencias por la Universidad de São Paulo

Citas

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Publicado

2024-07-22

Cómo citar

Bennati Madureira, M. R., Mussi Ribeiro, A., & Estadella, D. (2024). EL IMPACTO DE LOS CUIDADOS MATERNOS EN EL NEURODESARROLLO Y EL DESARROLLO PSICOLÓGICO DE LOS NIÑOS. Práticas E Cuidado: Revista De Saúde Coletiva, 5, e16548. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.uneb.br/index.php/saudecoletiva/article/view/16548

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Revisión de literatura