Efeito de facilitação cognata no acesso lexical multilíngue
Evidências a partir de uma tarefa de decisão lexical em inglês
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35499/tl.v19i1.23871Resumo
O efeito de facilitação cognata tem sido amplamente documentado em bilíngues, mas ainda carece de investigação sistemática em contextos multilíngues (Rosselli; Ardila; Salvatierra, 2012; Peeters; Dijkstra; Grainger, 2013; Bosma et al., 2016; Poort; Rodd, 2017; Festman, 2019). Este estudo analisa esse fenômeno em falantes de português brasileiro (PB), inglês (ING) e alemão (ALE), por meio de uma Tarefa de Decisão Lexical (TDL) aplicada em inglês. Vinte participantes julgaram estímulos divididos em palavras e pseudopalavras, devendo indicar se o estímulo apresentado se tratava de um item lexical existente na língua inglesa. Observaram-se os tempos de reação (TR) e a acurácia (ACC) nas condições experimentais: cognatos triplos PB-ALE-ING, cognatos duplos ALE-ING e PB-ALE – bem como suas contrapartes não cognatas – e nas combinações de palavra e pseudopalavra. Os resultados indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas no reconhecimento dos cognatos triplos PB-ALE-ING e no status lexical de palavra e pseudopalavra. Esses achados coadunam as averiguações (Meyer e Schvaneveldt, 1971; Bölte, 2001; Szubko-Sitarek, 2011; Yang, 2020), evidenciando a ocorrência de coativação lexical em multilíngues e sugerem um efeito de facilitação proporcional ao grau de sobreposição entre as línguas.
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